GraphQL is a query language made to communicate with an API and therefore is an alternative to REST.
It has some advantages compared to REST: it solves the over-fetching or under-fetching of data, is strongly typed, and is capable of retrieving multiple and nested data in one go, but it also comes with drawbacks. For example it creates overhead depending on the request.
API Platform creates a REST API by default. But you can choose to enable GraphQL as well.
Once enabled, you have nothing to do: your schema describing your API is automatically built and your GraphQL endpoint is ready to go!
To enable GraphQL and GraphiQL interface in your API, simply require the graphql-php package using Composer and clear the cache one more time:
$ docker-compose exec php composer req webonyx/graphql-php && bin/console cache:clear
You can now use GraphQL at the endpoint: https://localhost:8443/graphql.
Note: If you used Symfony Flex to install API Platform,
the GraphQL endpoint will be: https://localhost:8443/api/graphql.
If Twig is installed in your project, go to the GraphQL endpoint with your browser. You will see a nice interface provided by GraphiQL to interact with your API.
If you need to disable it, it can be done in the configuration:
# api/config/packages/api_platform.yaml
api_platform:
graphql:
graphiql:
enabled: false
# ...
If you don’t know what queries are yet, the documentation about them is here.
For each resource, two queries are available: one for retrieving an item and the other one for the collection.
For example, if you have a Book resource, the queries book and books can be used.
### Global Object Identifier
When querying an item, you need to pass an identifier as argument. Following the Relay Global Object Identification Specification, the identifier needs to be globally unique. In API Platform, this argument is represented as an IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifier).
For example, to query a book having as identifier 89, you have to run the following:
{
book(id: "/books/89") {
title
isbn
}
}
Note that in this example, we’re retrieving two fields: title and isbn.
API Platform natively enables a cursor-based pagination for collections. It supports GraphQL’s Complete Connection Model and is compatible with Relay’s Cursor Connections Specification.
Here is an example query leveraging the pagination system:
{
offers(first: 10, after: "cursor") {
totalCount
pageInfo {
endCursor
hasNextPage
}
edges {
cursor
node {
id
}
}
}
}
The two parameters first and after are necessary to make the paginated query work, more precisely:
first corresponds to the items per page starting from the beginning;after corresponds to the cursor from which the items are returned.The current page always has an endCursor present in the pageInfo field.
To get the next page, you would add the endCursor from the current page as the after parameter.
{
offers(first: 10, after: "endCursor") {
}
}
When the property hasNextPage of the pageInfo field is false, you’ve reached the last page.
If you move forward, you’ll end up having an empty result.
If you don’t know what mutations are yet, the documentation about them is here.
For each resource, three mutations are available: one for creating it (create), one for updating it (update) and one for deleting it (delete).
When updating or deleting a resource, you need to pass the IRI of the resource as argument. See Global Object Identifier for more information.
Following the Relay Input Object Mutations Specification,
you can pass a clientMutationId as argument and can ask its value as a field.
For example, if you delete a book:
mutation DeleteBook($id: ID!, $clientMutationId: String!) {
deleteBook(input: {id: $id, clientMutationId: $clientMutationId}) {
clientMutationId
}
}
Filters are supported out-of-the-box. Follow the filters documentation and your filters will be available as arguments of queries.
However you don’t necessarily have the same needs for your GraphQL endpoint as for your REST one.
In the ApiResource declaration, you can choose to decorrelate the GraphQL filters in query of the graphql attribute.
In order to keep the default behavior (possibility to fetch, delete, update or create), define all the operations (query, delete, update and create).
For example, this entity will have a search filter for REST and a date filter for GraphQL:
<?php
// api/src/Entity/Offer.php
namespace App\Entity;
use ApiPlatform\Core\Annotation\ApiResource;
/**
* @ApiResource(
* attributes={
* "filters"={"offer.search_filter"}
* },
* graphql={
* "query"={
* "filters"={"offer.date_filter"}
* },
* "delete",
* "update",
* "create"
* }
* )
*/
class Offer
{
// ...
}
Unlike for REST, all built-in filters support nested properties using the underscore (_) syntax instead of the dot (.) syntax, e.g.:
<?php
// api/src/Entity/Offer.php
namespace App\Entity;
use ApiPlatform\Core\Annotation\ApiFilter;
use ApiPlatform\Core\Annotation\ApiResource;
use ApiPlatform\Core\Bridge\Doctrine\Orm\Filter\OrderFilter;
use ApiPlatform\Core\Bridge\Doctrine\Orm\Filter\SearchFilter;
/**
* @ApiResource
* @ApiFilter(OrderFilter::class, properties={"product.releaseDate"})
* @ApiFilter(SearchFilter::class, properties={"product.color": "exact"})
*/
class Offer
{
// ...
}
The above allows you to find offers by their respective product’s color like for the REST Api. You can then filter using the following syntax:
{
offers(product_color: "red") {
edges {
node {
id
product {
name
color
}
}
}
}
}
Or order your results like:
{
offers(order: {product_releaseDate: "DESC"}) {
edges {
node {
id
product {
name
color
}
}
}
}
}
Another difference with the REST API filters is that the keyword _list must be used instead of the traditional [] to filter over multiple values.
For example, if you want to search the offers with a green or a red product you can use the following syntax:
{
offers(product_color_list: ["red", "green"]) {
edges {
node {
id
product {
name
color
}
}
}
}
}
access_control)To add a security layer to your queries and mutations, follow the security documentation.
If your security needs differ between REST and GraphQL, add the particular parts in the graphql key.
In the example below, we want the same security rules as we have in REST, but we also want to allow an admin to delete a book only in GraphQL.
Please note that, it’s not possible to update a book in GraphQL because the update operation is not defined.
<?php
// api/src/Entity/Book.php
namespace App\Entity;
use ApiPlatform\Core\Annotation\ApiResource;
/**
* @ApiResource(
* attributes={"access_control"="is_granted('ROLE_USER')"},
* collectionOperations={
* "post"={"access_control"="is_granted('ROLE_ADMIN')", "access_control_message"="Only admins can add books."}
* },
* itemOperations={
* "get"={"access_control"="is_granted('ROLE_USER') and object.owner == user", "access_control_message"="Sorry, but you are not the book owner."}
* },
* graphql={
* "query"={"access_control"="is_granted('ROLE_USER') and object.owner == user"},
* "delete"={"access_control"="is_granted('ROLE_ADMIN')"},
* "create"={"access_control"="is_granted('ROLE_ADMIN')"}
* }
* )
*/
class Book
{
// ...
}
You may want to restrict some resource’s attributes to your GraphQL clients.
As described in the serialization process documentation, you can use serialization groups to expose only the attributes you want in queries or in mutations.
If the (de)normalization context between GraphQL and REST is different, use the graphql key to change it.
Note that:
The following example shows you what can be done:
<?php
// api/src/Entity/Book.php
namespace App\Entity;
use ApiPlatform\Core\Annotation\ApiResource;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\Groups;
/**
* @ApiResource(
* normalizationContext={"groups"={"read"}},
* denormalizationContext={"groups"={"write"}},
* graphql={
* "query"={"normalization_context"={"groups"={"query"}}},
* "create"={
* "normalization_context"={"groups"={"query"}},
* "denormalization_context"={"groups"={"mutation"}}
* }
* }
* )
*/
class Book
{
// ...
/**
* @Groups({"read", "write", "query"})
*/
public $name;
/**
* @Groups({"read", "mutation"})
*/
public $author;
// ...
}
In this case, the REST endpoint will be able to get the two attributes of the book and to modify only its name.
The GraphQL endpoint will be able to query only the name. It will only be able to create a book with an author. When doing this mutation, the author of the created book will not be returned (the name will be instead).
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