Deploying with Docker Compose

While Docker Compose is mainly known and used in a development environment, it can be used in production too. This is especially suitable for prototyping or small-scale deployments, where the robustness (and the associated complexity) of Kubernetes is not required.

API Platform provides Docker images and a Docker Compose definition optimized for production usage. In this tutorial, we will learn how to deploy our Symfony application on a single server using Docker Compose.

Note: this tutorial has been adapted from the Symfony Docker documentation.

To deploy your application in production, you need a server. In this tutorial, we will use a virtual machine provided by DigitalOcean, but any Linux server can work. If you already have a Linux server with Docker Compose installed, you can skip straight to the next section.

Otherwise, use this affiliate link to get $100 of free credit, create an account, then click on “Create a Droplet”. Then, click on the “Marketplace” tab under the “Choose an image” section and search for the app named “Docker”. This will provision an Ubuntu server with the latest versions of Docker and Docker Compose already installed!

For test purposes, cheapest plans will be enough, even though you might want at least 2GB of RAM to execute Docker Compose for the first time. For real production usage, you’ll probably want to pick a plan in the “general purpose” section that will fit your needs.

You can keep the defaults for other settings, or tweak them according to your needs. Don’t forget to add your SSH key or to create a password then press the “Finalize and create” button.

Then, wait a few seconds while your Droplet is provisioning. When your Droplet is ready, use SSH to connect:

ssh root@<droplet-ip>

In most cases, you’ll want to associate a domain name to your website. If you don’t own a domain name yet, you’ll have to buy one through a registrar.

Then create a DNS record of type A for your domain name pointing to the IP address of your server.

Example:

your-domain-name.example.com.  IN  A     207.154.233.113

Note: Let’s Encrypt, the service used by default by API Platform to automatically generate a TLS certificate, doesn’t support using bare IP addresses. Using a domain name is mandatory to use Let’s Encrypt.

Copy your project on the server using git clone, scp or any other tool that may fit your needs. If you use GitHub, you may want to use a deploy key. Deploy keys are also supported by GitLab.

Example with Git:

git clone [email protected]:<username>/<project-name>.git

Go into the directory containing your project (<project-name>), and start the app in production mode:

SERVER_NAME=your-domain-name.example.com \
APP_SECRET=ChangeMe \
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=ChangeMe \
CADDY_MERCURE_JWT_SECRET=ChangeThisMercureHubJWTSecretKey \
docker compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.prod.yml up --wait

Be sure to replace your-domain-name.example.com by your actual domain name and to set the values of APP_SECRET, CADDY_MERCURE_JWT_SECRET to cryptographically secure random values.

Your server is up and running, and a Let’s Encrypt HTTPS certificate has been automatically generated for you. Go to https://your-domain-name.example.com and enjoy!

Alternatively, if you don’t want to expose an HTTPS server but only an HTTP one, run the following command:

SERVER_NAME=:80 \
APP_SECRET=ChangeMe \
CADDY_MERCURE_JWT_SECRET=ChangeThisMercureHubJWTSecretKey \
docker compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.prod.yml up --wait

If you want to deploy your app on a cluster of machines, we recommend using Kubernetes. You can use Docker Swarm, which is compatible with the provided Compose files.

Since Caddy 2.5, XFF values of incoming requests will be ignored to prevent spoofing. So if Caddy is not the first server being connected to by your clients (for example when a CDN is in front of Caddy), you may configure trusted_proxies with a list of IP ranges (CIDRs) from which incoming requests are trusted to have sent good values for these headers. As a shortcut, private_ranges may be configured to trust all private IP ranges.

php_fastcgi unix//var/run/php/php-fpm.sock
php_fastcgi unix//var/run/php/php-fpm.sock {
    trusted_proxies private_ranges
}